Varicose veins in the legs, often characterized by enlarged, bulgy, discolored, and twisted like veins, affects over 25% of the US population. Varicose veins may typically be seen as a cosmetic or indicate deeper venous issues. Recent studies have shown that varicose veins in males may be linked to infertility. Let’s explore this topic further.
Varicose Veins in Men
Varicose veins will form when the valves within veins malfunction which can cause blood clots and result in twisted and enlarged veins. While Varicose veins are typically more prevalent in females, males also can develop this condition. Some factors such as genetics, obesity, age, or prolonged standing or sitting can impact one’s chances of having varicose veins.
Impact on Male Infertility
Recent studies have found a potential link between infertility in male and varicoceles, which are varicose veins found in the scrotum. Varicoceles share similar characteristics as varicose veins. Symptoms may include decreased blood flow in the scrotum, imbalanced hormones, and increased scrotum temperature, which may reduce sperm count and hinder one’s quality of life.
How Varicoceles Can Affect Fertility
1. Elevated Scrotal Temperature:
Varicoceles can cause an increase in scrotal temperature due to impaired blood flow and reduced ability to regulate temperature. Elevated scrotal temperature can have detrimental effects on sperm production and viability, as sperm are sensitive to changes in temperature.
2. Blood Flow Impairment:
Blood flow within the testicles may be disrupted by varicoceles, which can cause toxins and metabolic waste products to accumulate. Consequently, sperm levels are decreased which increases the chances of male infertility.
3. Hormonal Imbalances:
Hormones within the testicles are also affected by varicoceles, which impacts the production of testosterone and other hormones required for sperm production and maturation.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Varicoceles is diagnosed with a physical exam of the scrotum and routine tests such as an ultrasound to evaluate vein or abnormalities and blood circulation. The following treatment may be recommended:
1. Monitoring:
In some minor varicoceles cases, active treatment may not be necessary. If symptoms are not prevalent, fertility is not impacted.
2. Surgery:
A surgical option is a Varicocelectomy. This procedure will remove the affected veins to improve healthy blood circulation in the scrotum and alleviate symptoms.
3. Radiology:
Embolization is a minimally invasive option that applies radiation to the abnormal veins and restores normal blood circulation to the affected area.
Although varicose veins in the scrotum or varicoceles can appear as a benign condition, some may have larger implications and should be evaluated by a medical professional. Varicoceles can impact sperm production and lead to infertility in males. Men experiencing symptoms of vein swelling or pain in the scrotal area should consult with a medical provider such as a urologist or a fertility specialist. With early detection and regular checkups, one can enhance their reproductive health and fertility.